Azerbaijan 1998

Azerbaijan Capital

In 1998, Azerbaijan was a newly independent nation located in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. It had achieved independence from the Soviet Union in 1991 and had since become a semi-presidential republic with a population of around 8 million people. The economy was largely based on petroleum production, with the country also recognized as an important hub for international trade. Despite this economic success, Azerbaijan was facing several significant challenges in 1998. Inflation had risen sharply due to a collapse in the value of its currency, leading to an ongoing financial crisis that had caused considerable hardship for many citizens. In addition, poverty and unemployment were high, with around one-third of the population living below the poverty line. The government had recently implemented several reforms to improve access to healthcare and education while also taking steps to diversify its economy away from its reliance on natural resources. There were also efforts being made to tackle corruption and reduce poverty levels throughout the country. In addition, Azerbaijan was becoming increasingly engaged with international affairs; it had recently established diplomatic relations with Turkey and Russia and was beginning to increase its presence on the world stage by joining various international organizations such as NATO and the United Nations Security Council. See dentistrymyth for Azerbaijan in the year of 2015.

Azerbaijan, officially Azerbaijani Azәrbaycan Respublikası, German Azerbaijan Republic, state in the south of the Caucasus with (2018) 9.9 million residents; The capital is Baku. Azerbaijan also includes the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic as a territorial exclave between Armenia and Iran. Within Azerbaijan lies the separatist Nagorno-Karabakh area claimed by Armenia.

Yearbook 1998

Azerbaijan. According to Countryaah, the capital of Azerbaijan is Baku. 75-year-old President Gejdar Alijev was re-elected in October with a large majority for a new five-year term. The election was preceded by violent confrontations between security forces and opposition protesters. Several opposition candidates boycotted the election in protest of newly formed electoral laws intended to favor the incumbent president.

Observers from the European Security Organization OSCE confirmed that the opposition was treated unfairly in the election campaign. In a post-election demonstration, two opposition leaders were abused without police officers present. The regime also severely cuts freedom of the press and a large group of journalists hunger strikes in protest.

According to a Human Rights Watch report during the year, human rights abuses have increased in Azerbaijan. But in February, Parliament decided to abolish the death penalty, a step in the quest for membership in the Council of Europe. In March, President Alijev appointed Tofiq Zulfigarov as new Foreign Minister. The representative Gasan Gasanov had then been dismissed, accused of abuses by the state’s funds.

  • Abbreviationfinder: What does AZE stand for in geography? Here, this 3 letter acronym refers to the country of Azerbaijan.

Economy

Inflation rate 13.00%
Unemployment rate 5%
Gross domestic product (GDP) $ 172,200,000,000
GDP growth rate 0.10%
GDP per capita $ 17,500
GDP by sector
Agriculture 6.10%
Industry 53.50%
Service 40.40%
State budget
Revenue 4.775 billion
Expenditure 5.735 billion
Proportion of the population below the national poverty line 6%
Distribution of household income
Top 10% 27.4
Lower 10% 3.4
Industrial production growth rate 0.30%
Investment volume 17.5% of GDP
National debt 54.10% of GDP
Foreign exchange reserves $ 8,886,000,000
Tourism 2014
Number of visitors 2,160,000
Revenue $ 2,713,000,000

Azerbaijan Capital

Azerbaijan signed extensive contracts with a number of foreign energy companies during the year. British and Japanese, on oil and gas extraction in the Caspian Sea. But at the same time, an international consortium withdrew after failing to find oil in sufficient quantities. Falling oil prices also contributed. A decision on a new pipeline for oil supplies from the Caspian Sea to the west was postponed indefinitely.

Nagorno-Karabakh Population

Nagorny Karabakh , Armenian Lernajin Rarabach, Lernayin Ġarabax [- -x], Russian Nagorny Karabach, part of the Karabakh landscape (Armenian Arzach) in the eastern Transcaucasus between the central reaches of the Kura and Arax, also formerly an autonomous area within Azerbaijan (autonomous status) was formally abolished in 1991.

Nagorno-Karabakh was occupied by Armenia in the course of the war with Azerbaijan for Nagorno-Karabakh, an internationally not recognized secession state, 11 458 km 2, (2013) about 146 600 residents, the capital is Stepanakert (Azerbaijani Chankendy, Xankәndı). Nagorno-Karabakh comprises the eastern capping of the Lesser Caucasus, which rises to 3 724 m above sea level on the northwestern border.

The mountain regions are heavily forested, in the lower areas there is semi-desert vegetation. In 1989, 76.9% of the population were Armenians and 21.5% Azerbaijanis; The latter were largely expelled during the Nagorno-Karabakh war in 1990-94 or fled to other areas of Azerbaijan. Many of Nagorno-Karabakh’s residents have become Armenian citizens. The 2005 census showed that the Armenians accounted for 99.74% of the total population. The main branches of industry are tobacco, grain, fruit and wine growing, as well as silkworm and cattle breeding. The economy was badly damaged by the war; Problematic are the high proportion of informal economic activities and the close ties with Armenia, on which Nagorno-Karabakh is economically dependent.

Following the war on Nagorno-Karabakh between Armenia and Azerbaijan in the early 1990s, approximately 95 percent of the area’s residents are estimated to be ethnic Armenians. Most Azeri living in the enclave fled during the war. Many of them are still living as refugees in Azerbaijan.

According to the last census before the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, Nagorno-Karabakh, then an autonomous territory of the Soviet Republic of Azerbaijan, had 189,000 inhabitants. Of these, 76 percent were ethnic Armenians and 21.5 percent were Azeri (see also Armenia: Population and Languages and Azerbaijan: Population and Languages). Many of the Azeri lived in the city of Şuşa (Shushi in Armenian), today an almost abandoned ghost town. When the war ended with a ceasefire in 1994 (see History and current politics), almost all Azeri had fled Armenian-occupied territories both in Nagorno-Karabakh and around. Nagorno-Karabach now has about 145,000 inhabitants, according to an estimate in 2011.

Most Karabakhs belong to the Armenian Apostolic Church, the oldest national church in the world (see Armenia: Religion). Freedom of religion is limited. A law from 2009 prohibits unregistered groups from engaging in religious work, and it became more difficult for minority communities to register.